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| 《民法典》视域下农村土地经营权抵押的困局与纾解 |
| The Predicament and Resolution of Rural Land Management Right Mortgage from the Perspective of the Civil Code: A Case Study of County A in Henan Province |
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| DOI：10.16018/j.cnki.cn32-1499/c.202603005 |
| 中文关键词: 《民法典》 农村土地经营权抵押 “三权分置” 抵押困局 |
| 英文关键词: the Civil Code rural land management right mortgage "separation of three rights" mortgage predicament |
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| 中文摘要: |
| “三权分置”改革背景下，农村土地经营权抵押成为激活农地资本、破解农业融资难的关键制度，但《中华人民共和国民法典》(以下简称《民法典》)与《中华人民共和国农村土地承包法》(以下简称《农村土地承包法》)的原则性规定与实践需求间仍存在适配落差。尽管法律已明确土地经营权的用益物权属性与抵押效力，但通过实地调查，A县在抵押实践中面临的主体资格模糊、登记制度混乱、抵押权实现梗阻、价值评估失范等现实困局。提出应明晰主体资格与标的边界、构建统一登记体系、创新抵押权实现机制、健全评估与配套保障，以破解法律文本与实践的适配矛盾，旨在为农业县土地经营权抵押“落地难”问题提供实操方案，同时为全国范围内完善农村土地金融制度、深化“三权分置”改革提供参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Against the backdrop of the "separation of three rights" reform in rural land, the mortgage of rural land management right has become a pivotal system for activating rural land capital and solving the financing difficulties in the agricultural sector. However, there remains an adaptation gap between the principled provisions of the Civil Code and the Rural Land Contracting Law and the practical demands of rural development. Although the law has clearly defined the usufructuary nature and mortgage validity of land management rights, field investigations reveal that County A is confronted with practical predicaments in mortgage practice, including ambiguous subject qualification, chaotic registration system, obstacles to the enforcement of mortgage rights, and irregular value assessment. This paper proposes clarifying subject qualifications and the boundaries of the mortgage subject matter, constructing a unified registration system, innovating the mechanism for enforcing mortgage rights, and improving the assessment and supporting guarantee systems, so as to resolve the adaptation contradiction between legal texts and practical application. This study aims to provide a practical solution to the problem of the "difficult implementation" of land management right mortgage in agricultural counties and to offer a reference for improving the rural land financial system and deepening the reform of the "separation of three rights" nationwide. |
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