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| 西汉盐业国家专卖体系建构的历史考察 |
| A Historical Study on the Establishment of the State Salt Monopoly System in the Western Han Dynasty |
| 投稿时间：2025-06-05 |
| DOI：10.16018/j.cnki.cn32-1499/c.202506001 |
| 中文关键词: 西汉 盐业 桑弘羊 盐业专卖制 |
| 英文关键词: Western Han Dynasty salt industry Sang Hongyang the State Salt Monopoly System |
| 基金项目:国家社科基金项目(20213622)；中国盐文化研究中心一般项目(YWHY25-08) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 西汉初期,中央政府与地方诸侯、盐商豪强展开了博弈,力图控制盐业资源而实现遏制地方分裂局面,但未达目标。汉武帝时,治国举措繁多而使国库空虚,成为其决心加强盐业国家管控的诱因。张汤盐业改革使得应急性盐业国家部分专卖制形成。之后,东郭咸阳、孔仅等改革推动了盐业国家全部专卖制形成。孔仅被罢免后,汉武帝任命桑弘羊主管财政,形成了农商均衡发展、扩大税收来源等加强国家宏观调控的治理思想。对于盐业其将盐铁专营、平准均输法与官营工商业相结合,逐步建立起盐业国家专卖制度体系,并实现了制度化运行,取得了良好改革效果,也对后世产生了深远影响。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In the early Western Han Dynasty, the central government engaged in power struggles with regional feudal lords and powerful salt merchants to control salt resources and curb regional separatism, yet failed to achieve this goal. During Emperor Wu's reign, extensive state policies depleted the national treasury, prompting the decision to strengthen state control over the salt industry. Zhang Tang's reforms established a provisional system of partial state salt monopoly. Subsequent reforms by Dongguo Xianyang and Kong Jin advanced the transition to a comprehensive state monopoly system. After Kong Jin's dismissal, Sang Hongyang was appointed to oversee fiscal administration, formulating governance strategies that emphasized balanced agricultural-commercial development and expanded tax revenue sources. By integrating the salt and iron monopoly operations, the Balanced Transport and Price Stabilization Policy (Pingzhun Juntun), and state-run commerce and industry, Sang Hongyang institutionalized the state salt monopoly system. This achieved effective reform outcomes and exerted profound influence on later generations. |
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